Wednesday, November 03, 2021

Why black holes burp

Imagine a rubber stretch several times the size of a soccer field, with all sides secured like a huge trampoline. Now consider steel balls like the ones used used in a ball bearing, except much bigger. Let us put a ball in the middle of our rubber field. A small circle is created around our ball. Continue adding balls and soon we see two circles. The inner circle looks like a deep well. The circle marking the opening of the well is our event horizon. The outer big circle is the extent of gravity of the black hole.

Now put a ball at the perimeter of the bigger circle so it starts rolling. When the ball reaches the event horizon, it makes a free-fall into the well.

When a star is trapped in the extent of gravity of a black hole, depending on the direction of its movement and its speed, it may rotate around the event horizon for a long time, until it reaches the well. At that point, the part that is entering the event horizon disintegrates into energy (like a free fall) and drops to the center of the black hole (at speed of light). However, as the star is breaking up, some parts of it are still just above the event horizon. The energy created there (because of disintegration) has not yet fully entered the event horizon. In particular, the x-ray is so tiny that is able to escape the entire extent of gravity of black hole outside of its event horizon. It is that energy which we see, sometimes called a burp.